Primary symptoms include rigidity, tremor,
slow movement or loss of movement and difficulty with
balance and walking. There are always two primary
symptoms present when a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
is made. Parkinson's disease involves only one side
of the body first. Then after few months involves
both sides of the body and gradually impairs balance
or walking. After a few years results in complete
immobility.
Many people with Parkinson's
will develop some difficulty in speaking. Speech impairment
is referred to as Dysarthria, often characterized
as weak, slow or uncoordinated speaking. Dysarthria
varies greatly among individuals and can affect speaking
volume and pitch. The voice may sound hoarse, monotone
or come out in short bursts. Often speech problems
worsen over time.
At least half of Parkinson's patients
develop swallowing problems or Dysphagia. Dysphagia
may cause the person to spill food or liquid from
the mouth or to send food to the back of the throat
before it is ready to be swallowed. Individuals with
dysphagia may be more prone to choking of food or
drink or even their own saliva. Dysphagia may allow
food to enter the air passage while eating. Parkinson's
patients and those who look after them should watch
out for signs of choking; food stuck in the throat
or increased congestion after eating.
Parkinson’s have mild intellectual
changes; the person may have difficulty in concentrating,
gathering new information and recalling names. Other
symptoms include depression, constipation, weight
loss, sleep disturbances, "masked" facial
expression, forced eyelid closure, drooling, urinary
tract infections, excessive sweating and problems
with sexual performance.
Although there are no specific tests
for Parkinson's disease, there are several ways of
making a diagnosis. Usually a diagnosis is based on
a neurological examination, which covers evaluation
of the symptoms and their severity.